What are molecular markers used for in genetic studies?

Molecular markers serve as valuable tools in genetic studies primarily for identifying individuals and assessing genetic diversity within and between populations. These markers, which can include sequences like DNA, RNA, or proteins, allow researchers to differentiate among individuals based on their genetic composition. This is crucial in various applications, such as conservation genetics, population biology, and breeding programs, where understanding genetic variation is important for maintaining genetic health and adaptability.

By using molecular markers, scientists can track genetic lineages, evaluate the genetic structure of populations, and monitor changes in genetic diversity over time. This capability is essential in studies focused on evolutionary relationships, mating systems, and the effects of environmental pressures on genetic variation. These applications highlight the importance of molecular markers in not only understanding genetic diversity but also in practical applications like wildlife management and agricultural development.