What does CRISPR technology allow researchers to do?

CRISPR technology allows researchers to perform precise alterations to DNA, which is a breakthrough in genetic engineering. This technology is based on a natural defense mechanism found in bacteria, where it helps them protect against viruses. By harnessing this system, scientists can design specific RNA sequences that guide the CRISPR-associated protein, usually Cas9, to a defined location in the DNA of a target organism. Once there, Cas9 creates a double-strand break at that precise location, allowing for the modification of the genetic sequence through various repair mechanisms.

This precision is valuable for many applications, including gene editing, creating knockout models, or introducing specific genetic changes to study their effects. The ability to edit DNA with such accuracy and efficiency is what sets CRISPR apart from other genetic manipulation techniques. It opens up possibilities for research, medicine, and agriculture that were previously unattainable.