What does "phenotypic plasticity" refer to?

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the capacity of an organism to change its phenotype in response to varying environmental conditions. This phenomenon allows organisms to adapt to different environments, enhancing their survival and reproductive success. For example, a plant might alter its leaf shape and size based on light availability—wider leaves in low light and smaller, thicker leaves in high light—to optimize photosynthesis.

This concept is crucial in understanding how organisms interact with their environment and can lead to significant variations in traits within a species depending on external factors. By having the flexibility to modify their phenotypic traits, organisms can thrive in diverse and fluctuating ecological niches, showcasing the dynamic relationship between genetics and the environment.