What is genetic recombination?

Genetic recombination refers to the process that occurs during meiosis, a type of cell division that leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). During this process, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material. This exchange is known as crossing over and results in the creation of new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.

The significance of genetic recombination lies in its ability to increase genetic diversity within a population. When gametes are formed, the resulting mixtures of alleles can lead to offspring with unique genetic makeups that differ from both parents. This genetic variation is essential for evolution, adaptation, and the overall health of species, as it can provide a population with a broader range of traits to respond to environmental changes.

In contrast, the other options represent different genetic concepts. Introducing new DNA into a genome pertains to horizontal gene transfer, which is not the same as the recombination that occurs during meiosis. An error in DNA replication refers to mutations, which do not involve the systematic exchange of genetic material. Lastly, the selection of advantageous alleles in a population is related to natural selection rather than the specific process of genetic recombination. Thus, the correct answer highlights the crucial role of genetic recombination in