What is the name of the process where mRNA is translated into a protein?

The process where mRNA is translated into a protein is known as translation. This is a crucial step in gene expression, following transcription, where the genetic information in DNA is first transcribed to produce mRNA. During translation, the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes, and the corresponding amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain, ultimately folding into a functional protein. This process is essential in the cellular machinery as it converts the genetic code into functional molecules that carry out various roles in biological systems. Understanding translation is fundamental as it directly links the genetic information encoded in DNA to the functional products—proteins—that are vital for life.