What role do telomeres play in genetics?

Telomeres play a crucial role in maintaining chromosome integrity and stability by protecting the ends of chromosomes from degradation. They consist of repetitive DNA sequences and associated proteins, forming a protective cap that prevents the chromosome from being recognized as damaged DNA. This protective function is vital for preserving the length and functionality of chromosomes during cell division; without telomeres, the ends of chromosomes would become frayed or lose important genetic information.

As cells replicate, telomeres shorten, which is a natural part of the aging process and cellular replication. When telomeres become critically short, they can trigger cellular senescence or apoptosis, which helps prevent the propagation of damaged DNA. This protective function is why telomeres are considered essential contributors to genetic stability and longevity of cells within an organism.