Which of the following processes involves the conversion of genetic information into a functional product?

Gene expression is the process that encompasses the conversion of genetic information into functional products, particularly proteins. This is a multi-step process that includes transcription and translation, where the information encoded in DNA is first transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and then translated into a polypeptide or protein.

Transcription is one specific part of gene expression, wherein a segment of DNA is copied into RNA. However, transcription alone does not produce a functional product; it is the subsequent translation of the mRNA into a protein that completes the process of gene expression.

Replication refers to the process of copying DNA to ensure that each new cell inherits a complete set of genetic information but does not lead to the immediate production of functional products.

Translocation generally refers to the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA during protein synthesis or the movement of genetic material between chromosomes, which does not directly refer to the conversion of genetic information into functional products.

Therefore, gene expression is the overarching term that captures the entire pathway from the genetic code to a functional output, making it the correct answer.