Which technique is commonly used to amplify DNA segments?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the technique primarily used to amplify specific segments of DNA. This method allows for the rapid increase in the number of copies of a particular DNA sequence, enabling researchers to produce millions of copies of a target DNA segment from a small initial sample.

PCR relies on a series of temperature changes to facilitate the denaturation of the DNA double helix, the annealing of primers to the target sequence, and the extension of these primers by a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This cycle is repeated multiple times, leading to exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment. The precision and efficiency of PCR make it an invaluable tool in various fields, including genetics, forensics, and medical diagnostics, as it allows for the detailed study of genetic material.

Other techniques mentioned, such as gene editing and CRISPR technology, are focused on modifying DNA sequences rather than amplifying them. Gel electrophoresis is used for separating DNA fragments based on size and does not involve any amplification process. Therefore, PCR is unique in its role as a method for the amplification of DNA segments.