Which term describes a mutation that results in a change in a single base pair in DNA?

A point mutation refers to a specific type of genetic mutation where a single base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. This change can occur through various mechanisms, such as the substitution of one nucleotide for another. Point mutations are significant because they can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins, potentially altering their function.

Understanding point mutations is essential in the field of genetics and molecular biology, as they can have a profound impact on an organism's phenotype, potentially leading to diseases or variations among individuals. In contrast, the other terms describe different types of mutations that do not involve a simple change of a single base pair. For instance, frameshift mutations involve insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic code, while silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence despite a change in the DNA sequence. Insertion mutations involve the addition of one or more nucleotides, which can also lead to shifts in the reading frame. Thus, identifying point mutations is crucial for understanding genetic variation and its consequences.