Which type of RNA reads the code and carries amino acids through the cytoplasm?

The role of transfer RNA (tRNA) is crucial in the process of translating genetic information into proteins. tRNA is specifically responsible for interpreting the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) and delivering the appropriate amino acids to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Each tRNA molecule is equipped with an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

Understanding this functional concept highlights the importance of tRNA in protein synthesis. The tRNA transports amino acids that correspond to the specific sequences coded by the mRNA. As such, without tRNA, the translation of mRNA into functional proteins would be ineffective, as there would be no mechanism to ensure the correct assembly of amino acids. This process is a fundamental aspect of molecular biology, emphasizing the integral role that tRNA plays in bridging the gap between genetic code and protein formation.