Who is the man known to be responsible for the five basic rules of genetics?

Gregor Mendel is recognized as the foundational figure in genetics due to his pioneering experiments with pea plants in the mid-19th century. Through his meticulous work, Mendel established the basic principles of inheritance, which later became known as the laws of heredity. His observations led to the formulation of the five basic rules of genetics, including the concepts of dominance, segregation, independent assortment, and the idea that genes come in pairs.

Mendel’s experiments demonstrated how traits are passed from parents to offspring, revealing predictable patterns that lay the groundwork for modern genetics. This established him as the 'father of genetics,' and his work was not fully appreciated until decades later, when scientists rediscovered his research and confirmed the mechanisms of inheritance he described. This significant contribution to the understanding of genetic variation in living organisms showcases the importance of Mendel's contributions to the field of biology.